Low probability of intercept (LPI) microwave waveforms are commonly utilized in multiple radar systems. Identifying precisely the modulation formats of LPI waveform is of importance in complex ...

Bacterial second messenger networks transmit environmental information through both amplitude and frequency modulation strategies. However, the mechanisms by which cells decode frequency-encoded ...

Modulation is the act of translating some low-frequency or baseband signal (voice, music, and data) to a higher frequency. Why do we modulate signals? There are at least two reasons: to allow the ...

An unexpected revisit to my earlier post on mouse encoder hacking sparked a timely opportunity to reexamine quadrature encoders, this time with a clearer lens and a more targeted focus on their signal ...