Deep learning, which is basically neural network machine learning with multiple hidden layers, is all the rage—both for problems that justify the complexity and high computational cost of deep ...

High-performance optimization algorithms are essential in deep learning. However, understanding the behavior of optimization (i.e., learning process) remains challenging due to the instability and ...

The Artificial Intelligence has evolved and is now associated with Deep Learning, driven by availability of vast amount of data and computing power. Traditionally, researchers have adopted a ...